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Genesis 25:19The Kehot Chumash
19

וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת יִצְחָק בֶּן־אַבְרָהָם אַבְרָהָם הוֹלִיד אֶת־יִצְחָק׃

The following – Jacob and Esau, whose births will presently be recounted – are the descendants of Isaac, son of Abraham. Although Abraham was also the father of Ishmael, his life’s work was perpetuated by virtue of the fact that he was the father of Isaac, who remained loyal to Abraham’s moral legacy.

20

וַיְהִי יִצְחָק בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בְּקַחְתּוֹ אֶת־רִבְקָה בַּת־בְּתוּאֵל הָאֲרַמִּי מִפַּדַּן אֲרָם אֲחוֹת לָבָן הָאֲרַמִּי לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה׃

Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca, in the year 2088, when she was three years old. Although Rebecca was the daughter of the wicked Bethuel the Aramean of Padan Aram and the sister of the wicked Laban the Aramean as well, and she had been born into and raised in an immoral environment, their influence did not taint her spiritually.

21

וַיֶּעְתַּר יִצְחָק לַיהֹוָה לְנֹכַח אִשְׁתּוֹ כִּי עֲקָרָה הִוא וַיֵּעָתֶר לוֹ יְהֹוָה וַתַּהַר רִבְקָה אִשְׁתּוֹ׃

Isaac pleaded with GOD at one corner of the room while his wife did the same at the opposite corner of the room, for she was barren. Even though they both prayed intensely, GOD responded specifically to Isaac’s plea, for the prayers of a righteous person who is the child of a righteous parent are more effective than those of a righteous person who is the child of a wicked parent. Thus, his wife Rebecca conceived.

22

וַיִּתְרֹצְצוּ הַבָּנִים בְּקִרְבָּהּ וַתֹּאמֶר אִם־כֵּן לָמָּה זֶּה אָנֹכִי וַתֵּלֶךְ לִדְרֹשׁ אֶת־יְהֹוָה׃

The children struggled within her. Not knowing she was carrying twins, she said, “If the pain of pregnancy is so great, why did I pray for it?” So she went to the academy of Shem and Ever to inquire of GOD as to what exactly was causing her so much discomfort.

23

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהֹוָה לָהּ שְׁנֵי (גיים) [גוֹיִם] בְּבִטְנֵךְ וּשְׁנֵי לְאֻמִּים מִמֵּעַיִךְ יִפָּרֵדוּ וּלְאֹם מִלְאֹם יֶאֱמָץ וְרַב יַעֲבֹד צָעִיר׃

GOD told Shem to say to her, “The progenitors of two nations are in your womb. Both nations will be powerful and, in the future, their two leaders will be world-renowned for their wealth. Nonetheless, these two powers will diverge the moment they emerge from within you: The younger will be predisposed toward righteousness and the elder toward wickedness. Furthermore, although they will both be powerful, they will never wield equal power simultaneously; when one rises, the other will fall, and vice-versa. Thus, the upper hand will pass from one power to the other and back again. Nonetheless, even when the elder has the upper hand, the elder and his descendants will always serve the younger and his descendants.”

24

וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת וְהִנֵּה תוֹמִם בְּבִטְנָהּ׃

Her pregnancy reached full term, because one of the twins in her womb was predisposed to wickedness. Rebecca therefore did not possess enough merit to warrant that God shorten her uncomfortable pregnancy.

25

וַיֵּצֵא הָרִאשׁוֹן אַדְמוֹנִי כֻּלּוֹ כְּאַדֶּרֶת שֵׂעָר וַיִּקְרְאוּ שְׁמוֹ עֵשָׂו׃

The first one emerged ruddy – a portent that he would be a shedder of blood – and full of hair all over like a woolen cloak that is covered with hair, so everyone present at his birth called him Esau [Esav, from asui “completed”]. This name stuck.

26

וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן יָצָא אָחִיו וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב עֵשָׂו וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וְיִצְחָק בֶּן־שִׁשִּׁים שָׁנָה בְּלֶדֶת אֹתָם׃

His brother then emerged, and his hand was grasping Esau’s heel – a portent that the nation that would descend from him would rise to power “on the heels” of the nation that would descend from Esau: as soon as the latter’s power would begin to wane, the former would wrest dominion from it. He was also born grasping Esau’s heel because, since he was conceived first, he wanted to emerge first and receive the birthright. God named this second son Jacob [Ya’akov, from akev “heel”] by inspiring Isaac to give him a name recalling how he was born grasping Esau’s heel. Jacob was born circumcised. Isaac was in his 60th year when Rebecca gave birth to them.

27

וַיִּגְדְּלוּ הַנְּעָרִים וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד אִישׁ שָׂדֶה וְיַעֲקֹב אִישׁ תָּם יֹשֵׁב אֹהָלִים׃

The boys grew. Esau became an expert in ensnaring his father into thinking he was exceedingly pious by asking him clever questions. In reality, however, he was an undisciplined man, who spent his time in the field, hunting animals and birds. In contrast, Jacob was a guileless man, and, not pretending to be anything he was not, went to live in the tents of Shem and Ever to study the Torah.

28

וַיֶּאֱהַב יִצְחָק אֶת־עֵשָׂו כִּי־צַיִד בְּפִיו וְרִבְקָה אֹהֶבֶת אֶת־יַעֲקֹב׃

Isaac loved Esau, both for the game he provided from his hunting and because he was deceived by his cunning words, while Rebecca loved Jacob.

29

וַיָּזֶד יַעֲקֹב נָזִיד וַיָּבֹא עֵשָׂו מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה וְהוּא עָיֵף׃

By the time Esau turned 15 (in the year 2123), he was eager to start living his chosen, immoral lifestyle openly. Although God had originally intended that Abraham live to the age of 180, He shortened his life by five years so that he not have to witness Esau’s defection from his ideals. On the day his grandfather Abraham died, Jacob was cooking a stew of red lentils to serve his father as the customary first meal of mourners (for the round lentils are a reminder that mourning is part of the cycle of life). Esau came in from the field, exhausted from his first foray into active immorality, in which he actually committed murder.

30

וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו אֶל־יַעֲקֹב הַלְעִיטֵנִי נָא מִן־הָאָדֹם הָאָדֹם הַזֶּה כִּי עָיֵף אָנֹכִי עַל־כֵּן קָרָא־שְׁמוֹ אֱדוֹם׃

Esau said to Jacob, “Now feed me a gulp of that red, red stuff, for I’m exhausted!” He was therefore given the nickname Edom [adom “red”].

31

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב מִכְרָה כַיּוֹם אֶת־בְּכֹרָתְךָ לִי׃

Jacob knew that Esau’s birthright as the firstborn included the duty and privilege of offering up the family’s sacrifices. But since Esau’s degenerate behavior clearly rendered him unworthy of this privilege, Jacob replied, “I will feed you, but only if you sell me your birthright, irrevocably, so the transaction be as clear as day.”

32

וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֹלֵךְ לָמוּת וְלָמָּה־זֶּה לִי בְּכֹרָה׃

Esau foresaw that the day would come when the privilege of offering up sacrifices would no longer belong to the firstborn. Furthermore, he asked Jacob, “Why do you want the birthright, anyway?” Jacob answered, “Offering up sacrifices is clearly a very serious and important occupation, because performing it incorrectly makes one liable to serious punishment. Some infringements, such as performing it when drunk or with hair that has not been cut in 30 days, are even punishable by death!” Esau said, “Look, if this is the case, I am certain to die on account of it; furthermore, I am going to eventually die anyway, and after my death the birthright will not pass on to my progeny down through the generations, so of what use is a birthright to me? Fine, I agree to sell it to you.

33

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב הִשָּׁבְעָה לִּי כַּיּוֹם וַיִּשָּׁבַע לוֹ וַיִּמְכֹּר אֶת־בְּכֹרָתוֹ לְיַעֲקֹב׃

Jacob said, “Make an oath to me this day,” so he swore to him and sold his birthright to Jacob.

34

וְיַעֲקֹב נָתַן לְעֵשָׂו לֶחֶם וּנְזִיד עֲדָשִׁים וַיֹּאכַל וַיֵּשְׁתְּ וַיָּקׇם וַיֵּלַךְ וַיִּבֶז עֵשָׂו אֶת־הַבְּכֹרָה׃ {פ}

Jacob then gave Esau bread and some lentil stew; he ate and drank, and got up and left. Thus Esau spurned the birthright, in accord with his increasing wickedness.

1

וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ מִלְּבַד הָרָעָב הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בִּימֵי אַבְרָהָם וַיֵּלֶךְ יִצְחָק אֶל־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ־פְּלִשְׁתִּים גְּרָרָה׃

There was again a famine in the land, apart from the first famine that had been in the days of Abraham, so Isaac left Hebron and went to dwell with Avimelech, king of the Philistines, in Gerar.

2

וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו יְהֹוָה וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תֵּרֵד מִצְרָיְמָה שְׁכֹן בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֹמַר אֵלֶיךָ׃

Isaac had previously considered going down to Egypt, just as his father Abraham had, but GOD appeared to him and said, “Do not go down to Egypt, for it is not fitting for you to live outside the Land of Israel, in a place where people are not yet conscious of God’s presence. Rather, live in the part of the Holy Land of which I will tell you. Go to Philistia and settle in Gerar. True, this area is not actually part of the land I promised to Abraham, but it is close enough to have been positively influenced by him; moreover, it will eventually become part of the Holy Land. It is therefore not inappropriate for you to live there.

3

גּוּר בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְאֶהְיֶה עִמְּךָ וַאֲבָרְכֶךָּ כִּי־לְךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אֶתֵּן אֶת־כׇּל־הָאֲרָצֹת הָאֵל וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ׃

Sojourn in this land, and even though it has also been somewhat affected by the famine, I will be with you and bless you, for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants, and I will fulfill the oath that I made to your father Abraham:

4

וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וְנָתַתִּי לְזַרְעֲךָ אֵת כׇּל־הָאֲרָצֹת הָאֵל וְהִתְבָּרְכוּ בְזַרְעֲךָ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ׃

I will make your descendants so numerous that you will not be able to count them, just as it is impossible to count the stars of the sky, and give all these lands to your descendants. All the nations of the earth will bless themselves by mentioning the names of your descendants: when someone will want to bless his children, he will say, ‘May you be like Isaac’s children.’

5

עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם בְּקֹלִי וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֺתַי חֻקּוֹתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי׃

I confer all these blessings upon you because your father Abraham heeded My voice and observed My restrictions, My commandments, My rules, and My instructions.”

6

וַיֵּשֶׁב יִצְחָק בִּגְרָר׃

So Isaac settled in Gerar.

7

וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַמָּקוֹם לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר אֲחֹתִי הִוא כִּי יָרֵא לֵאמֹר אִשְׁתִּי פֶּן־יַהַרְגֻנִי אַנְשֵׁי הַמָּקוֹם עַל־רִבְקָה כִּי־טוֹבַת מַרְאֶה הִוא׃

When the local people asked about his wife, he said – just as Abraham had responded regarding Sarah – “She is my sister.” He purposely misled them because he was afraid to say to them, “She is my wife” – “lest,” he thought to himself, “the local people kill me on account of Rebecca, because she is of good facial complexion.”

8

וַיְהִי כִּי אָרְכוּ־לוֹ שָׁם הַיָּמִים וַיַּשְׁקֵף אֲבִימֶלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ פְּלִשְׁתִּים בְּעַד הַחַלּוֹן וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה יִצְחָק מְצַחֵק אֵת רִבְקָה אִשְׁתּוֹ׃

But, unlike what Pharaoh had done to Sarah, the king did not abduct Rebecca at once. Therefore, after Isaac had already been there a long time, he decided that he no longer needed to be so circumspect. Avimelech, king of the Philistines, looked out the window of his palace and caught sight of Isaac gladdening his wife Rebecca in the course of marital intimacy.

9

וַיִּקְרָא אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לְיִצְחָק וַיֹּאמֶר אַךְ הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ הִוא וְאֵיךְ אָמַרְתָּ אֲחֹתִי הִוא וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו יִצְחָק כִּי אָמַרְתִּי פֶּן־אָמוּת עָלֶיהָ׃

Avimelech summoned Isaac and said, “So she is really your wife! How could you have said, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac answered him, “For I thought, ‘Lest I die because of her.’”

10

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲבִימֶלֶךְ מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ לָּנוּ כִּמְעַט שָׁכַב אַחַד הָעָם אֶת־אִשְׁתֶּךָ וְהֵבֵאתָ עָלֵינוּ אָשָׁם׃

Avimelech then said, “What have you done to us? I, the most preeminent one among the people, could easily have lain carnally with your wife, and you would have brought guilt upon us!”

11

וַיְצַו אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶת־כׇּל־הָעָם לֵאמֹר הַנֹּגֵעַ בָּאִישׁ הַזֶּה וּבְאִשְׁתּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת׃

Avimelech issued an order of warning to all the people: “Whosoever lays a finger on this man or his wife will surely be put to death.”

12

וַיִּזְרַע יִצְחָק בָּאָרֶץ הַהִוא וַיִּמְצָא בַּשָּׁנָה הַהִוא מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ יְהֹוָה׃

Isaac sowed grain in that region and in that year. Being that it was not a particularly fertile area and that it was also a year of famine, he estimated that it would be a small yield. But he nonetheless reaped a hundredfold more than he expected, for GOD had blessed him. Furthermore, when they then calculated the yield for the purpose of taking tithes, they found that it had miraculously increased a hundredfold again, in the merit of his intention to tithe it, for GOD had blessed him.

13

וַיִּגְדַּל הָאִישׁ וַיֵּלֶךְ הָלוֹךְ וְגָדֵל עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד׃

Thus, the man prospered, and continued to prosper until he became extremely wealthy. His wealth became proverbial; a common saying was: “Better the dung of Isaac’s mules than the silver and gold of Avimelech.”

14

וַיְהִי־לוֹ מִקְנֵה־צֹאן וּמִקְנֵה בָקָר וַעֲבֻדָּה רַבָּה וַיְקַנְאוּ אֹתוֹ פְּלִשְׁתִּים׃

He owned flocks and herds and many business enterprises, and the Philistines envied him.

15

וְכׇל־הַבְּאֵרֹת אֲשֶׁר חָפְרוּ עַבְדֵי אָבִיו בִּימֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיו סִתְּמוּם פְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיְמַלְאוּם עָפָר׃

The Philistines therefore blocked up all the wells that his father’s servants had dug in the days of his father Abraham, and filled them with earth. Their pretext was that these wells could serve as a water supply for an invading army.

16

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶל־יִצְחָק לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ כִּי־עָצַמְתָּ מִמֶּנּוּ מְאֹד׃

Avimelech said to Isaac, “Go away from us, for you have become much more powerful than we are.”

17

וַיֵּלֶךְ מִשָּׁם יִצְחָק וַיִּחַן בְּנַחַל־גְּרָר וַיֵּשֶׁב שָׁם׃

Isaac went away from there and camped in the Gerar Valley, at a distance from the city, and settled there.

18

וַיָּשׇׁב יִצְחָק וַיַּחְפֹּר ׀ אֶת־בְּאֵרֹת הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר חָפְרוּ בִּימֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיו וַיְסַתְּמוּם פְּלִשְׁתִּים אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקְרָא לָהֶן שֵׁמוֹת כַּשֵּׁמֹת אֲשֶׁר־קָרָא לָהֶן אָבִיו׃

Once he was there, Isaac re-dug the other wells of water that had been dug in the days of his father Abraham, which the Philistines had blocked up after Abraham’s death, and gave them the same names that his father had given them.

19

וַיַּחְפְּרוּ עַבְדֵי־יִצְחָק בַּנָּחַל וַיִּמְצְאוּ־שָׁם בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים׃

Isaac’s servants then dug elsewhere in the Gerar valley, and found a well of fresh spring water there.

20

וַיָּרִיבוּ רֹעֵי גְרָר עִם־רֹעֵי יִצְחָק לֵאמֹר לָנוּ הַמָּיִם וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם־הַבְּאֵר עֵשֶׂק כִּי הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ׃

The shepherds of Gerar quarreled with Isaac’s shepherds, saying, “Since we use this land to pasture our flocks, the water you have discovered is ours.” Isaac named the well Esek [“contention”], because they had contended with him.

21

וַיַּחְפְּרוּ בְּאֵר אַחֶרֶת וַיָּרִיבוּ גַּם־עָלֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמָהּ שִׂטְנָה׃

They dug another well, and they quarreled over that one, too, so Isaac named it Sitnah [“harassment”].

22

וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם וַיַּחְפֹּר בְּאֵר אַחֶרֶת וְלֹא רָבוּ עָלֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמָהּ רְחֹבוֹת וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי־עַתָּה הִרְחִיב יְהֹוָה לָנוּ וּפָרִינוּ בָאָרֶץ׃

He moved on from there and dug yet another well, and they did not quarrel over it, so he named it Rechovot [“open spaces”], saying, “For now GOD has granted us ample space to expand, and we will flourish materially in the land.”

23

וַיַּעַל מִשָּׁם בְּאֵר שָׁבַע׃

From there, he went up to Beersheba.

24

וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו יְהֹוָה בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ אַל־תִּירָא כִּי־אִתְּךָ אָנֹכִי וּבֵרַכְתִּיךָ וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ בַּעֲבוּר אַבְרָהָם עַבְדִּי׃

GOD appeared to him that night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not be afraid because of all this contention, for I am with you. I will bless you and make your descendants numerous on account of My servant Abraham.”

25

וַיִּבֶן שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהֹוָה וַיֶּט־שָׁם אׇהֳלוֹ וַיִּכְרוּ־שָׁם עַבְדֵי־יִצְחָק בְּאֵר׃

Isaac built an altar there and invoked GOD. He pitched his tent there, and there Isaac’s servants dug yet another well, but did not discover water immediately.

26

וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ הָלַךְ אֵלָיו מִגְּרָר וַאֲחֻזַּת מֵרֵעֵהוּ וּפִיכֹל שַׂר־צְבָאוֹ׃

In the meantime, Avimelech came to him from Gerar, together with a group of some of his friends and Pichol, chief of his troops.

27

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם יִצְחָק מַדּוּעַ בָּאתֶם אֵלָי וְאַתֶּם שְׂנֵאתֶם אֹתִי וַתְּשַׁלְּחוּנִי מֵאִתְּכֶם׃

Isaac said to them, “Why have you come to me, seeing that you evidently hate me and therefore sent me away from you?”

28

וַיֹּאמְרוּ רָאוֹ רָאִינוּ כִּי־הָיָה יְהֹוָה ׀ עִמָּךְ וַנֹּאמֶר תְּהִי נָא אָלָה בֵּינוֹתֵינוּ בֵּינֵינוּ וּבֵינֶךָ וְנִכְרְתָה בְרִית עִמָּךְ׃

They replied, “We have seen about your father and seen regarding you, too, that GOD has been with you, granting you unnatural success, so we said: Let the solemn oath made between us and your father now continue to be in force between us and you, and let us make a covenant with you

29

אִם־תַּעֲשֵׂה עִמָּנוּ רָעָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ וְכַאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂינוּ עִמְּךָ רַק־טוֹב וַנְּשַׁלֵּחֲךָ בְּשָׁלוֹם אַתָּה עַתָּה בְּרוּךְ יְהֹוָה׃

that you will do us no evil, just as we did you no harm when we asked you to leave, and just as we treated you only with kindness and sent you off in peace. Now, please treat us in the same manner, you who are blessed by GOD.”

30

וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם מִשְׁתֶּה וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ׃

Isaac agreed to their proposal. He prepared them a feast and they ate and drank.

31

וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ בַבֹּקֶר וַיִּשָּׁבְעוּ אִישׁ לְאָחִיו וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם יִצְחָק וַיֵּלְכוּ מֵאִתּוֹ בְּשָׁלוֹם׃

They got up early in the morning and made an oath to each other. Isaac then sent them on their way, and they departed from him in peace.

32

וַיְהִי ׀ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וַיָּבֹאוּ עַבְדֵי יִצְחָק וַיַּגִּדוּ לוֹ עַל־אֹדוֹת הַבְּאֵר אֲשֶׁר חָפָרוּ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ מָצָאנוּ מָיִם׃

On that very day, Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug, and they said to him, “We have found water!”

33

וַיִּקְרָא אֹתָהּ שִׁבְעָה עַל־כֵּן שֵׁם־הָעִיר בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה׃ {ס}        

He named the well Shiv’ah [from shevu’ah “oath”]. The name of the city was therefore not changed, but re-designated as Beersheba [“Well of the Oath”], and this remains its name to this very day.

34

וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן־אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וַיִּקַּח אִשָּׁה אֶת־יְהוּדִית בַּת־בְּאֵרִי הַחִתִּי וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַת בַּת־אֵילֹן הַחִתִּי׃

In the year 2148, when Esau was 40 years old, he married Judith the daughter of Be’eri the Hittite, and Basemat the daughter of Eilon the Hittite.

35

וַתִּהְיֶיןָ מֹרַת רוּחַ לְיִצְחָק וּלְרִבְקָה׃ {ס}        

These wives were spiritually rebellious toward Isaac and Rebecca and caused them great anguish for, among other things, they unabashedly served idols.

1

וַיְהִי כִּי־זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ עֵינָיו מֵרְאֹת וַיִּקְרָא אֶת־עֵשָׂו ׀ בְּנוֹ הַגָּדֹל וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו בְּנִי וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּנִי׃

Twenty-three years after Esau married, in the year 2171, Isaac had grown old. Despite the fact that he had been blessed by God with good health and longevity, the smoke from Esau’s wives’ idolatrous incense offerings gradually dimmed his eyesight. In addition, his eyesight had already become dim by then because of the ministering angels’ tears that had fallen into his eyes when he was bound on the altar, eighty-six years prior to this. All this was arranged by Divine providence so that he would be deceived into blessing Jacob rather than Esau, as will now be recounted. He summoned his elder son Esau and said to him, “My son,” and he answered him, “Here I am.”

2

וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה־נָא זָקַנְתִּי לֹא יָדַעְתִּי יוֹם מוֹתִי׃

Isaac said, “See, I have now grown old; I am now 123 years old. I do not know the day of my death.

3

וְעַתָּה שָׂא־נָא כֵלֶיךָ תֶּלְיְךָ וְקַשְׁתֶּךָ וְצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה וְצוּדָה לִּי (צידה) [צָיִד]׃

So therefore, now, please, sharpen your weapons – your sword and the arrows for your bow – and go out to the field and trap me some ownerless game. Be sure to trap only an ownerless deer, so that you not serve me something stolen, and to sharpen the slaughtering knife so that you slaughter the animal in accordance with the Torah’s laws.

4

וַעֲשֵׂה־לִי מַטְעַמִּים כַּאֲשֶׁר אָהַבְתִּי וְהָבִיאָה לִּי וְאֹכֵלָה בַּעֲבוּר תְּבָרֶכְךָ נַפְשִׁי בְּטֶרֶם אָמוּת׃

Then prepare me some delicacies to my liking, and bring them to me so that I may eat, so that I may grant you my soul’s blessing before I die.”

5

וְרִבְקָה שֹׁמַעַת בְּדַבֵּר יִצְחָק אֶל־עֵשָׂו בְּנוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ עֵשָׂו הַשָּׂדֶה לָצוּד צַיִד לְהָבִיא׃

Rebecca had been listening while Isaac was speaking to his son Esau. Esau went out to the field – intending to trap some ownerless game, as his father had stipulated, but was nevertheless also prepared to bring home stolen game if no ownerless deer could be found.

6

וְרִבְקָה אָמְרָה אֶל־יַעֲקֹב בְּנָהּ לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶת־אָבִיךָ מְדַבֵּר אֶל־עֵשָׂו אָחִיךָ לֵאמֹר׃

When Esau left, Rebecca said to her son Jacob, “I just heard your father speaking to your brother Esau, saying,

7

הָבִיאָה לִּי צַיִד וַעֲשֵׂה־לִי מַטְעַמִּים וְאֹכֵלָה וַאֲבָרֶכְכָה לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי׃

‘Bring me some game and prepare me delicacies, so that I may eat and bless you in GOD’s presence and with His approval before I die.’

8

וְעַתָּה בְנִי שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי לַאֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מְצַוָּה אֹתָךְ׃

So now, my son, heed my words in regard to what I command you.

9

לֶךְ־נָא אֶל־הַצֹּאן וְקַח־לִי מִשָּׁם שְׁנֵי גְּדָיֵי עִזִּים טֹבִים וְאֶעֱשֶׂה אֹתָם מַטְעַמִּים לְאָבִיךָ כַּאֲשֶׁר אָהֵב׃

Your father provided in our marriage contract that I may take two kid-goats from the flock every day, if need be. Therefore, go to the flock and bring me from there two choice kid-goats. Since today is 14 Nisan, we will use one for the Passover offering, and I will make delicacies out of the other one of them, such as your father likes, for the meat of a kid-goat can be made to taste like deer meat.

10

וְהֵבֵאתָ לְאָבִיךָ וְאָכָל בַּעֲבֻר אֲשֶׁר יְבָרֶכְךָ לִפְנֵי מוֹתוֹ׃

You will then bring them to your father and he will eat, so that he will bless you before he dies.”

11

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־רִבְקָה אִמּוֹ הֵן עֵשָׂו אָחִי אִישׁ שָׂעִר וְאָנֹכִי אִישׁ חָלָק׃

Jacob said to his mother Rebecca, “But my brother Esau is a hairy man, while I am a smooth-skinned man.

12

אוּלַי יְמֻשֵּׁנִי אָבִי וְהָיִיתִי בְעֵינָיו כִּמְתַעְתֵּעַ וְהֵבֵאתִי עָלַי קְלָלָה וְלֹא בְרָכָה׃

Perhaps my father will touch me, and then he will regard me as an impostor, and I will bring a curse upon myself, not a blessing!”

13

וַתֹּאמֶר לוֹ אִמּוֹ עָלַי קִלְלָתְךָ בְּנִי אַךְ שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי וְלֵךְ קַח־לִי׃

His mother said to him, “Let your curse be upon me, my son. Just heed my words and go and bring them to me.”

14

וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיִּקַּח וַיָּבֵא לְאִמּוֹ וַתַּעַשׂ אִמּוֹ מַטְעַמִּים כַּאֲשֶׁר אָהֵב אָבִיו׃

He went and got them and brought them to his mother, and his mother prepared delicacies to his father’s liking.

15

וַתִּקַּח רִבְקָה אֶת־בִּגְדֵי עֵשָׂו בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹל הַחֲמֻדֹת אֲשֶׁר אִתָּהּ בַּבָּיִת וַתַּלְבֵּשׁ אֶת־יַעֲקֹב בְּנָהּ הַקָּטָן׃

Rebecca then took her older son Esau’s clean clothes, which had belonged to Nimrod; Esau had coveted them and killed Nimrod to acquire them. These clothes were with her in the house because Esau did not trust his wives; to prevent his wives from stealing them, he kept them at his mother’s house. She put them on her younger son Jacob,

16

וְאֵת עֹרֹת גְּדָיֵי הָעִזִּים הִלְבִּישָׁה עַל־יָדָיו וְעַל חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו׃

and placed the kid-goat skins on his arms and on the smooth part of his neck.

17

וַתִּתֵּן אֶת־הַמַּטְעַמִּים וְאֶת־הַלֶּחֶם אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂתָה בְּיַד יַעֲקֹב בְּנָהּ׃

She then handed to her son Jacob the delicacies and the bread she had prepared.

18

וַיָּבֹא אֶל־אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר אָבִי וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֶּנִּי מִי אַתָּה בְּנִי׃

He came to his father and said, “Father,” and he replied, “Here I am. Who are you, my son?”

19

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב אֶל־אָבִיו אָנֹכִי עֵשָׂו בְּכֹרֶךָ עָשִׂיתִי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ אֵלָי קוּם־נָא שְׁבָה וְאׇכְלָה מִצֵּידִי בַּעֲבוּר תְּבָרְכַנִּי נַפְשֶׁךָ׃

Jacob answered his father, “[It is] I; Esau [is] your firstborn.” Since the verb “to be” is not articulated in Hebrew, Jacob’s answer had two meanings: (a) “I am Esau, your firstborn,” and (b) “It is I; Esau is your firstborn.” Jacob intended his father to understand his words according to the first meaning, but in order not to be technically guilty of lying, he phrased his reply so that it could also be understood the second way. Continuing to pose as Esau, Jacob said, “I have done as you told me.” Jacob intended his father to understand this statement to mean that he had fulfilled Isaac’s instruction to Esau, i.e., to prepare him a meal; in order not to be technically guilty of lying, Jacob phrased this statement so that it could also be understood, “I have done many things that you told me to do.” He continued, “Please arise and be seated at the table, and partake of my game, so that you may grant me your soul’s blessing.”

20

וַיֹּאמֶר יִצְחָק אֶל־בְּנוֹ מַה־זֶּה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצֹא בְּנִי וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי הִקְרָה יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפָנָי׃

Isaac asked his son, “How did you find it so quickly, my son?” He replied, “Because GOD, your God, arranged it to happen this way for me.”

21

וַיֹּאמֶר יִצְחָק אֶל־יַעֲקֹב גְּשָׁה־נָּא וַאֲמֻשְׁךָ בְּנִי הַאַתָּה זֶה בְּנִי עֵשָׂו אִם־לֹא׃

Isaac said to himself, “This seems out of character for Esau: he never mentions God, nor does he usually address me so politely.” He therefore said to Jacob, “Please come close and let me touch you, my son. Are you really my son Esau?”

22

וַיִּגַּשׁ יַעֲקֹב אֶל־יִצְחָק אָבִיו וַיְמֻשֵּׁהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב וְהַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו׃

So Jacob drew close to his father Isaac, who touched him and said, “The voice – the manner of speaking – is the voice of Jacob, but the hands – to the physical touch – are the hands of Esau.”

23

וְלֹא הִכִּירוֹ כִּי־הָיוּ יָדָיו כִּידֵי עֵשָׂו אָחִיו שְׂעִרֹת וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ׃

He did not recognize him, because his arms were hairy like the arms of his brother Esau, so he proceeded to prepare to bless him.

24

וַיֹּאמֶר אַתָּה זֶה בְּנִי עֵשָׂו וַיֹּאמֶר אָנִי׃

He said, “So you really are my son Esau,” and he replied, “I [am].” Here again, Jacob simply said “I,” intending to mean simply “It is I,” but allowing his father to understand his reply as meaning “I am [Esau].”

25

וַיֹּאמֶר הַגִּשָׁה לִּי וְאֹכְלָה מִצֵּיד בְּנִי לְמַעַן תְּבָרֶכְךָ נַפְשִׁי וַיַּגֶּשׁ־לוֹ וַיֹּאכַל וַיָּבֵא לוֹ יַיִן וַיֵּשְׁתְּ׃

Then Isaac said, “Serve me so that I may partake of my son’s game, so that I may grant you my soul’s blessing.” Jacob served him and he ate, and he brought him wine and he drank.

26

וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו יִצְחָק אָבִיו גְּשָׁה־נָּא וּשְׁקָה־לִּי בְּנִי׃

His father Isaac said to him, “Please come close and kiss me, my son.”

27

וַיִּגַּשׁ וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ וַיָּרַח אֶת־רֵיחַ בְּגָדָיו וַיְבָרְכֵהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר רְאֵה רֵיחַ בְּנִי כְּרֵיחַ שָׂדֶה אֲשֶׁר בֵּרְכוֹ יְהֹוָה׃

He came close and kissed him, and Isaac smelled the fragrance of his garments. Although goatskins usually have an unpleasant odor, in this case they miraculously took on the fragrance of an apple orchard, like the Garden of Eden. Isaac blessed him with ten blessings, as follows: He said, “See, my son’s fragrance is already like the fragrance of a field that GOD has blessed. This indicates that you are fit to receive my blessings.

28

וְיִתֶּן־לְךָ הָאֱלֹהִים מִטַּל הַשָּׁמַיִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ וְרֹב דָּגָן וְתִירֹשׁ׃

May God therefore grant you all the following blessings, plus the ability to capitalize on them and increase them by yourself. But whatever He grants you, may He give it to you only if you deserve it, for I know that you and your descendants will accept His justice unquestioningly. Besides having already given you the fragrance of a blessed field, may He give you (1) of the dew of heaven and (2) the fat – i.e., the choicest fruits – of the land, and (3) an abundance of grain and (4) wine.

29

יַעַבְדוּךָ עַמִּים (וישתחו) [וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ] לְךָ לְאֻמִּים הֱוֵה גְבִיר לְאַחֶיךָ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְךָ בְּנֵי אִמֶּךָ אֹרְרֶיךָ אָרוּר וּמְבָרְכֶיךָ בָּרוּךְ׃

(5) May peoples serve you and (6) nations bow down to you. (7) May you be master over your brothers, and (8) may your mother’s sons prostrate themselves before you. Although it may seem to you at the outset that your life is cursed, rest assured that in the end, (9) those who curse you will be cursed, and (10) those who bless you will be blessed.”

30

וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה יִצְחָק לְבָרֵךְ אֶת־יַעֲקֹב וַיְהִי אַךְ יָצֹא יָצָא יַעֲקֹב מֵאֵת פְּנֵי יִצְחָק אָבִיו וְעֵשָׂו אָחִיו בָּא מִצֵּידוֹ׃

It was just then, when Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and when Jacob had scarcely left his father Isaac’s presence, that his brother Esau came back from his hunt.

31

וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם־הוּא מַטְעַמִּים וַיָּבֵא לְאָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר לְאָבִיו יָקֻם אָבִי וְיֹאכַל מִצֵּיד בְּנוֹ בַּעֲבֻר תְּבָרְכַנִּי נַפְשֶׁךָ׃

He, too, had prepared delicacies and brought them to his father. He said to his father, “Let my father arise and partake of his son’s game, so that you may give me your soul’s blessing.”

32

וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ יִצְחָק אָבִיו מִי־אָתָּה וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי בִּנְךָ בְכֹרְךָ עֵשָׂו׃

His father Isaac asked him, “Who are you?” and he replied, “I am your firstborn son, Esau.”

33

וַיֶּחֱרַד יִצְחָק חֲרָדָה גְּדֹלָה עַד־מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר מִי־אֵפוֹא הוּא הַצָּד־צַיִד וַיָּבֵא לִי וָאֹכַל מִכֹּל בְּטֶרֶם תָּבוֹא וָאֲבָרְכֵהוּ גַּם־בָּרוּךְ יִהְיֶה׃

Isaac shuddered in great bewilderment. At that moment, he also had a vision of Purgatory opening up beneath Esau’s feet. From this he understood that it was indeed Esau in front of him. He therefore asked, “Then who was it – and where is he – who trapped game and brought it to me, and I partook of it all before your arrival, and I blessed him? I miraculously tasted in the food he served me every single flavor that I desired to find in it. Therefore, although he received my blessings by tricking me, I understand now that he really was the one who deserved my blessing, so he will indeed be blessed.” Yet Isaac still feared that he had done something terribly wrong by blessing Jacob, since Esau was, after all, his firstborn.

34

כִּשְׁמֹעַ עֵשָׂו אֶת־דִּבְרֵי אָבִיו וַיִּצְעַק צְעָקָה גְּדֹלָה וּמָרָה עַד־מְאֹד וַיֹּאמֶר לְאָבִיו בָּרְכֵנִי גַם־אָנִי אָבִי׃

When Esau heard his father’s words, he let out an exceedingly great and bitter cry and said to his father, “Bless me, too, my father!”

35

וַיֹּאמֶר בָּא אָחִיךָ בְּמִרְמָה וַיִּקַּח בִּרְכָתֶךָ׃

He replied, “Your brother came with guile and took your blessing.”

36

וַיֹּאמֶר הֲכִי קָרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי זֶה פַעֲמַיִם אֶת־בְּכֹרָתִי לָקָח וְהִנֵּה עַתָּה לָקַח בִּרְכָתִי וַיֹּאמַר הֲלֹא־אָצַלְתָּ לִּי בְּרָכָה׃

Esau said, “Is that why he was named Jacob [Ya’akov, from the verb akov ‘ensnare’], foretelling that he would someday ensnare me twice?!” Hearing this, Isaac asked, “What did he do to you the first time?” Esau replied, “He took away my birthright, and now look, he has also taken my blessing!” “If so,” Isaac said, “I have committed no wrong, for I have indeed blessed my firstborn!” Esau then asked Isaac, “Have you not reserved a blessing for me?”

37

וַיַּעַן יִצְחָק וַיֹּאמֶר לְעֵשָׂו הֵן גְּבִיר שַׂמְתִּיו לָךְ וְאֶת־כׇּל־אֶחָיו נָתַתִּי לוֹ לַעֲבָדִים וְדָגָן וְתִירֹשׁ סְמַכְתִּיו וּלְכָה אֵפוֹא מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה בְּנִי׃

Isaac answered, saying to Esau, “What good will a blessing do you now? I have made him master over you, and have given him all his brothers as servants, so whatever belongs to you – even your children! – will now automatically be his! I have sustained him with grain and wine, so what, then, is there left that I can do for you, my son?”

38

וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו אֶל־אָבִיו הַבְרָכָה אַחַת הִוא־לְךָ אָבִי בָּרְכֵנִי גַם־אָנִי אָבִי וַיִּשָּׂא עֵשָׂו קֹלוֹ וַיֵּבְךְּ׃

Esau said to his father, “Do you have only one blessing, my father? Father, bless me too!” And Esau burst out crying.

39

וַיַּעַן יִצְחָק אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּה מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ יִהְיֶה מוֹשָׁבֶךָ וּמִטַּל הַשָּׁמַיִם מֵעָל׃

His father Isaac then replied and said to him, “Very well, I will bless you as you request. But when I blessed Jacob, I stipulated that my blessings would take effect only if he deserved them, for I sensed that he would accept God’s justice unquestioningly. You and your descendants, however, will not be so accepting of God’s will; I fear you will rebel against God if He does not grant you what you think you deserve. Therefore, whether you deserve it or not, I hereby bless you that your dwelling will be blessed with the fat of the land and with the dew of the heavens above. Even though your land will belong to your brother and you will serve him, you will live in comfort. The future homeland of your mightiest descendants will be the fertile Italian peninsula.

40

וְעַל־חַרְבְּךָ תִחְיֶה וְאֶת־אָחִיךָ תַּעֲבֹד וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר תָּרִיד וּפָרַקְתָּ עֻלּוֹ מֵעַל צַוָּארֶךָ׃

You will live by your sword, and you will serve your brother. But when you see Jacob or his descendants sinning, and are therefore rightly aggrieved that they were the primary recipients of the blessings, you will be permitted to throw his yoke off your neck and temporarily be freed of his lordship, even though you will remain his servant in essence.”

41

וַיִּשְׂטֹם עֵשָׂו אֶת־יַעֲקֹב עַל־הַבְּרָכָה אֲשֶׁר בֵּרְכוֹ אָבִיו וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו בְּלִבּוֹ יִקְרְבוּ יְמֵי אֵבֶל אָבִי וְאַהַרְגָה אֶת־יַעֲקֹב אָחִי׃

Esau harbored hatred toward his brother Jacob because of the inferior blessing with which his father had blessed him, and wanted to seek revenge from him. But he did not want to upset his father, so Esau said to himself, “The days of mourning for my father will soon be here; I will wait until after his death and then kill my brother Jacob.”

42

וַיֻּגַּד לְרִבְקָה אֶת־דִּבְרֵי עֵשָׂו בְּנָהּ הַגָּדֹל וַתִּשְׁלַח וַתִּקְרָא לְיַעֲקֹב בְּנָהּ הַקָּטָן וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו הִנֵּה עֵשָׂו אָחִיךָ מִתְנַחֵם לְךָ לְהׇרְגֶךָ׃

Rebecca was told through Divine inspiration what her older son, Esau, had said to himself. She sent word and summoned her younger son, Jacob, and said to him, “Your brother Esau is consoling himself over the appropriation of the blessings he feels were rightfully meant to be conferred on him by planning to kill you. He regrets being your brother; in his eyes, you are already dead and it is as if he is now being consoled by others over your death.

43

וְעַתָּה בְנִי שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי וְקוּם בְּרַח־לְךָ אֶל־לָבָן אָחִי חָרָנָה׃

So now, my son, listen to my words: arise and flee to my brother Laban in Charan.

44

וְיָשַׁבְתָּ עִמּוֹ יָמִים אֲחָדִים עַד אֲשֶׁר־תָּשׁוּב חֲמַת אָחִיךָ׃

Remain with him a while, up to seven years, until your brother’s anger has subsided,

45

עַד־שׁוּב אַף־אָחִיךָ מִמְּךָ וְשָׁכַח אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂיתָ לּוֹ וְשָׁלַחְתִּי וּלְקַחְתִּיךָ מִשָּׁם לָמָה אֶשְׁכַּל גַּם־שְׁנֵיכֶם יוֹם אֶחָד׃

until your brother’s rage against you has abated and he has forgotten what you did to him. I will then send word and bring you from there. Do not make the grave error of lingering around to try to defend yourself against his attack, for if you kill him, his children will then seek to avenge their father’s death and kill you in turn. Why should I be bereaved of both of you in one day?” Rebecca unwittingly prophesied here that Jacob and Esau would die around the same time and be buried on the same day.

46

וַתֹּאמֶר רִבְקָה אֶל־יִצְחָק קַצְתִּי בְחַיַּי מִפְּנֵי בְּנוֹת חֵת אִם־לֹקֵחַ יַעֲקֹב אִשָּׁה מִבְּנוֹת־חֵת כָּאֵלֶּה מִבְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ לָמָּה לִּי חַיִּים׃

Rebecca then said to Isaac, “I am disgusted with my life because of the Hittite women. If Jacob marries a Hittite girl like these that Esau married, one of the local girls, why should I go on living?”

1

וַיִּקְרָא יִצְחָק אֶל־יַעֲקֹב וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתוֹ וַיְצַוֵּהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ לֹא־תִקַּח אִשָּׁה מִבְּנוֹת כְּנָעַן׃

So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him as follows. He instructed him, saying to him, “Do not take a wife from among the Canaanite girls.

2

קוּם לֵךְ פַּדֶּנָה אֲרָם בֵּיתָה בְתוּאֵל אֲבִי אִמֶּךָ וְקַח־לְךָ מִשָּׁם אִשָּׁה מִבְּנוֹת לָבָן אֲחִי אִמֶּךָ׃

Arise and set out for Padan Aram, to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and take yourself a wife from there, from among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.

3

וְאֵל שַׁדַּי יְבָרֵךְ אֹתְךָ וְיַפְרְךָ וְיַרְבֶּךָ וְהָיִיתָ לִקְהַל עַמִּים׃

And may God Almighty, who is the infinite source of blessing, bless you and make you fruitful and numerous, so that your descendants become a community of peoples.

4

וְיִתֶּן־לְךָ אֶת־בִּרְכַּת אַבְרָהָם לְךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אִתָּךְ לְרִשְׁתְּךָ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מְגֻרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן אֱלֹהִים לְאַבְרָהָם׃

May God bestow upon you the same blessing that He gave to my father Abraham – for yourself and for your descendants with youbecause you will take possession of the land in which you have been sojourning, which God gave to Abraham.”

5

וַיִּשְׁלַח יִצְחָק אֶת־יַעֲקֹב וַיֵּלֶךְ פַּדֶּנָה אֲרָם אֶל־לָבָן בֶּן־בְּתוּאֵל הָאֲרַמִּי אֲחִי רִבְקָה אֵם יַעֲקֹב וְעֵשָׂו׃

Isaac then sent Jacob on his way and he set out for Padan Aram, to the house of Laban, son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebecca, who was the mother of Jacob and Esau. As Abraham had done when he dispatched Eliezer, Isaac, too, sent Jacob laden with gifts for the future bride and her family, along with a document attesting to the fact that he was bequeathing all his wealth to Jacob.

6

וַיַּרְא עֵשָׂו כִּי־בֵרַךְ יִצְחָק אֶת־יַעֲקֹב וְשִׁלַּח אֹתוֹ פַּדֶּנָה אֲרָם לָקַחַת־לוֹ מִשָּׁם אִשָּׁה בְּבָרְכוֹ אֹתוֹ וַיְצַו עָלָיו לֵאמֹר לֹא־תִקַּח אִשָּׁה מִבְּנוֹת כְּנָעַן׃

When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and had sent him to Padan Aram to take himself a wife from there, and that when he blessed him he had commanded him, saying, “Do not take a wife from among the Canaanite girls,”

7

וַיִּשְׁמַע יַעֲקֹב אֶל־אָבִיו וְאֶל־אִמּוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ פַּדֶּנָה אֲרָם׃

and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother, and had gone to Padan Aram,

8

וַיַּרְא עֵשָׂו כִּי רָעוֹת בְּנוֹת כְּנָעַן בְּעֵינֵי יִצְחָק אָבִיו׃

Esau understood that the Canaanite girls were evil in the eyes of his father Isaac.

9

וַיֵּלֶךְ עֵשָׂו אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵאל וַיִּקַּח אֶת־מָחֲלַת ׀ בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָם אֲחוֹת נְבָיוֹת עַל־נָשָׁיו לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה׃ {ס}        

So Esau went off immediately, trying to flaunt his alacrity, to his uncle Ishmael, and married his cousin Machalat, daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, in order to show that he was no less deferential to his father’s wishes than was his brother Jacob. Shortly after Machalat became engaged to Esau, her father Ishmael died, making her an orphan bride. Therefore, when she married Esau, she did so only as the sister of her brother Nevayot, who was responsible for handling the wedding in lieu of their late father. She continued to be called “the sister of Nevayot” throughout her lifetime. Esau married her in addition to his other, Canaanite wives.

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